Dog Whelping Guide
7 min read·Updated June 2026
Whelping is the birthing process in dogs. Canine gestation averages 63 days from ovulation. Being prepared makes the difference between a calm delivery and an emergency.
Canine gestation
Dogs are pregnant for approximately 63 days (range 58–68) from ovulation. Because mating can occur days before ovulation, dating from progesterone testing is far more accurate than dating from the mating itself.
Signs labour is near
- A drop in rectal temperature below ~37.2°C (99°F), typically 12–24 hours before labour.
- Restlessness, nesting, panting, and refusing food.
- Clear vaginal discharge as the first stage begins.
The three stages of whelping
- Stage 1: Cervix dilates; restlessness and panting for 6–12 hours.
- Stage 2: Active delivery of puppies, usually one every 30–60 minutes.
- Stage 3: Delivery of the placenta after each puppy.
When to call the vet
- Strong contractions for 30+ minutes with no puppy.
- More than 2 hours between puppies when more are expected.
- Green/black discharge before the first puppy, or signs of distress in the dam.
Frequently asked questions
How long are dogs pregnant?
About 63 days from ovulation, with a normal range of 58–68 days depending on when mating occurred relative to ovulation.
How accurate is the temperature drop?
A sustained drop below ~37.2°C usually predicts labour within 12–24 hours, but it can be missed with infrequent checks. Combine it with behavioural signs.